The journal is committed to ensuring transparency, integrity, and objectivity throughout the publication process. All authors, reviewers, and editors are required to disclose any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest that could influence the preparation, review, or publication of a manuscript.

Authors must declare all financial, personal, institutional, professional, or other relationships that may be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation. Sources of funding, sponsorship, or other support for the research must also be disclosed in the manuscript. If no conflicts of interest exist, authors should include the statement: "The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest."

Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest arising from personal relationships, academic collaboration, financial interests, institutional affiliations, or any other circumstances that could affect their impartiality. Such manuscripts will be assigned to another qualified editor.

Reviewers must decline review invitations if they have any conflict of interest that may compromise their objectivity. They must not use confidential information obtained during the peer-review process for personal or professional advantage.

If an undisclosed conflict of interest is identified before or after publication, the journal will investigate the matter and may take appropriate editorial action, including requesting corrections, publishing a correction or expression of concern, or retracting the article when necessary.

By submitting a manuscript, all authors confirm that they have disclosed all relevant conflicts of interest and agree to comply with the journal's Conflict of Interest Policy.